Internal-pressure-resistance cylinder.



No. 667.525. Patented Feb. 5,1901.

c. HUBER.

INTERNAL PRESSURE RESISTANCE CYLINDER.

(Application filed June 8, 1900.)

2 Sheets-Shaei I.

(No Model.)

Patented Feb. 5,v IQOI.

. 'c'. imam. INTERNAL m ssus]: ,R'asisnu'ca cvuunzn.

(Application med-June a, 1900.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

n [L ,llllnn UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE,

CARL HUBER, OF CARLSRUHE'LGERMANY.

" INTERNALI-PRESSU RE-RESISTANCE YLINDER.

SPECIFICATION-forming part of Letters Patent N '0. 667,525, dated- February 5, 1901 To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, CARL HUBER, a citizen of Germany,residing at 38 Beiertheimer Allee',

in Great Britain, dated January 22,'1900,N0..

1,372; in Germany, dated April 23, 1900;'in France, dated May 4,1900; in Austria, dated J April 30, 1.900; in Hungary, dated April-30,

1900; in Switzerland, dated April 30, 1900.; in

Italy, dated May 5, 1900, and in'Russia,dated April 25, 1900,) ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in molds'in which are placed objects adaptedto be forced to the shape of the mold by internal pressure, al-- though tubular structures, cylinders, and

. large guns, which are subjected to high internal pressure, can be constructed-inaccordance. with my invention. It has been' the custom to build up such structures of a central cylinder or tube the strength of which of itself was insufficient to bear the high internal pressures to which it was to be subjected, such central cylinder or tube beingstrength- 'ened by shrinking on it one or more rings or der.

cylinders, which were thus made to exert an inward or, soto speak, minus pressure upon the outersurface of the central cylin- This pressure'is of course exercised not only when thestructnre is in operation, but also when it is at restthat is, when there is no pressure in the central cylinder. With this arrangement when the central cylinder is subject to internal pressure this is first counteracted by the said minus pressure to;

which the cylinder is subjected externally by theshr'unk rings, and if the internal pressure is only raised so as to become. equal to, such ,will be seen that the central cylinder will be made capable of withstanding a greater internal pressure than if it were madeof asingle'thickness of metal, equal to that of its Serial No; 19,605. (No model.) i

own thicknessand' that-of the shrunkrings I combined; but it will also be seen that there is a limit to the degree to which the cylinder can be strengthened by this means against rings exercise the said rlni'nus strain upon the internal pressure,'because as the shrunk central cylinder also when this is not subject to any internal pressure it will 'be evident that such minus strain must not exceed the crushing strain which the central resistanceeylinder..can safely bear without detriment when itis not subject to internal pressure.

The presentiuvention-has for its object to enable such pressure cylinders. or'tubes' to efiectu'ally withstand much higher degrees of.

internal pre'ssurethau-was possible heretofore by a method of constructionwhereby the central cylinder is not necessarily subjected to any minus pressure from the external rings when it is'not subjected to internal pressure, such minus 01 inward p'ressu'rebeing only e'xertedwhen the cylinder is subjected to internal pressure, the arrangement being such that. the minus pressure is made to increase in more or less exact proportion to such internal pressure, so thatthis may thus be raised to a; very high degree without injury I to the central cylinder. 7

The essential feature of theinvention for effecting the above purposebonsists in cansing the fluidpressure that is at any time acting in the centralcylinder' to 'be simultaneously transmitted through a suitable channel orchannels' to'theint erior of hollow spaces or channels formed between the outer surface of the cylin derand the innerf surface of the surrounding strengthening ring ofrings, so that the pressure exercised in such channels in being exercised'in an inward or minus direction against .the outersurface of the'cylinder will more or less counteract or neutralize the outward or pl'u's'strain' to whichit is being subjectsdi 1 K i A practicallmode of'earryingbut the said invention is tofconst'ruct af strong tubular metal receptacle whichi'isfitted into fc'orre 7 spon'dingly shaped recesses. or channels.

formed intheoute f surface of the central cylinde'i'i or the inner surface' of the outer strengthening-ring, @such tubular receptacle beingfmade' to'eonimunicate at'one 0,! more po n im ansq a a'pp'e a sin b q l'sl the sides of the central cylinder with the interior of the latter, so that on this being, subjected to high fluid-pressure this will be transmitted through the said radial channel to the interior of the tubular structure. By this means the walls of the tubular structure, which are more or less elastic, are expanded by the internal pressure, so as to press on the one hand against the outer surface of the central cylinderand on the other hand against the internal surface of the strengthening ring ries of tubular bodies and strengthening-rings surrounding the same. Fig. 2 shows a partvertical section of a modified form in which but one tubular body is employed for the pressure-chamber. Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of a tubular structure suitable for carrying out the invention. Fig. 4 shows a plan of the filling-pieces employed in connection with the construction at Fig. 3; and Fig.5 shows a perspective View, and Fig. (3 a sectional plan, of another form of tubular structure. Fig. 7 shows a part-vertical section of a modification in which the tubular structure is dispensed with and the pressurechanuels are formed in the outer surface of the cylinder itself.

In the construction shown at Fig. 1, A is the pressure-chamber, adapted to be charged with pressure'fluid which'is subjected to a high degree of pressure by the plunger B. Between the wall of the chamber A and the inner surface of the strengthening-ring C is fitted the tubular structure D, which is assumed to be of the same construction as that shown at Fig. It consists of a number of hollow rings 1) D of rectangular cross-section, which are made to communicate with each other by means of'vertical connectingchannels E E, the spaces between Which rings are filled in by segmental filling-pieces F F, as shown in plan at Fig. 4 and in section at Fig. 1. The lowest ring D communicates with the pressure-chamber A by means of the tubular channel G, and assuming all the rings D to befilled with a suitable liquid the pressure to which the liquid in A is at any time su bjected will at once be transmitted through G and E to all the rings D, so that the Walls of these will be pressed with a proportionate pressure both against the outer surface of the wall of chamber A and the zinnersurface of ring 0, the extent of the external pressure to which the cylinder is thus "subjected be ing determined by the extent of its outer surface, which is covered by the rings D, so that if these were placed close together the minusstrain exerted thereby would more nearly approach the plus strain'upon the wall of chamber A than when the rings are farther apart. The portion of the plus strain to which the wall of chamber A is subjected which is not bah anced by the said minus strain will be resisted partly by thewall of ehamber'A itself and partly by the strengtheniu g-rin g O,assu ming that there is only one tubular bodyD; but if, as shown in Fig. 1, there are provideda number of other similar tubular bodies D D 850., and strengthening-rings 0' C &c i

all of which bodies are in communication with the chamber A by the channels E, it will be obvious that as D will exert a minus strain upon 0, so as to relieve it from the plus strain exercised by D, while -D will exert a minus strain upon 0, relieving it of the plus strain of D, and so on, the arrangement. may be made such that even with the highest possible pressure in the chamber A the plus strain exerted upon the outer strengtheningring 0" may be rendered comparatively insignificant.

Fig. 2'shows a construction in which only one tubular body D is employed, the wall of chamber A having strengthening-rings A A shrunk on it in the usual manner, so as to put a certain minus strain upon the wall. Upon the outer ring A is fitted the tubular body D, communicating with'the chamber A by the channel G, and upon this is fitted the ring 0, which together with the rings 0' O shrunk one upon the other, forms a separate compound outer ring, which exercises no minus pressure on A A A and which only serves-to resist the plus pressure exercised by the tubular body'D when the chamber A is subjected to pressure. r

In the construction of tubular body shown at Figs. 5 and 6 a single ring-shaped tube H has fixed or formed on it a number of straight tubes H, arranged in a circle, closed at the lower ends and communicating with H at the upper end, so that if either the ring H or one or more of the tubes H be connected by a channel, such as. G, Fig. 1, to the chamber A the fluid-pressure produced in the latter will be transmitted in the before-described manner to the tubes H H. The spaces between the tubes H are filled in with straight filling-pieces. It will be obvious that the tubular bodies D or H H may be constructed in variously-modifiedforms for the purposes of this invention. Thus instead of a number of tubular rings, such as D, a continuous helical tube might be employed; also, that in some cases the tubular bodies may be replaced by channels formed either in the outer surface of the central cylinder itself or in the inner surface of the strengthening-rings 0,

these being in that case shrunk on, so as to form closed channels, which are made to communicate with each other and with the chamber A, Fig. 1, by-means of branch channels re erenceto thejtubular bodies D and H H.

infla similarfma-nn'er to-that described with Fig"; {shows a vertical section of such an; arrangemena where 1-1 are channels formedin-the ou'ter surface of the wall of chamber A and communicating with the interior of the latter by a channel G.

Having thuS deScribed thena tureof this invention and the best means I-know of carryingthesame into practicaleflect, I claim- I 1. A body'previded with aehamber adapted to be subjected to internal high fluid-pressure, strengthening means fitted externally l to the wall of said chamber, a series of closed intercommunicating channels situated between the outer surface of said body and the inner surface ofsaid strengthening means,

' and a duct establishinga communication beto-the wall of said chamber, a structure composed of a number of tubular channels inters posed between the outer surface of the wall of said chamber and the inner surface of said strengthening means, and a duct establish-- ing a communication between said chamber and the channels of said interposed structure,

substantially as and for the purpose herin v described l 3. A body provided with a chamber adapt .ed to be subjected to internal high fluid-pressure, a strengthening-ring 'fitted externally to the wall of said chamber, a structure composed ofa series of .tubular channels interposed'between said ring and the wall of said chamber, and a duct. establishing communication -between said chamber and structure.

4.'A body provided with a chamber, a

strengthening means surrounding sa id body,

and a structure composed of a series of channels interposed between said means and body and in suitable communication with said chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

- CARL HUBER. Witnesses:

JAcoB ADRIAN,

H. W. HARRIS. 

